Bookmarks 2025-11-02T20:24:15.025Z

by Owen Kibel

31 min read

Bookmarks for 2025-11-02T20:24:15.025Z

  • Favicon Net Zero Watch launches campaign to scrap renewables expansion and cut energy bills - YouTube Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Net Zero Watch launches campaign to scrap renewables expansion and cut energy bills

    Site: YouTube

    🚨The UK already has almost the most expensive electricity in the developed world⚠️Ed Miliband’s next renewables auction (AR7) could push UK power prices up ...

    Net Zero Watch launches campaign to scrap renewables expansion and cut energy bills - YouTube

  • Favicon x.com/i/trending/1984957404178452873?t=dYYZ7WNtxO1oD0uQPPNI-Q&s=09 Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    x.com/i/trending/1984957404178452873?t=dYYZ7WNtxO1oD0uQPPNI-Q&s=09

  • Favicon Brandi Carlile Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Brandi Carlile

    Site: Grokipedia

    Brandi Carlile (born June 1, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, and musician primarily active in the Americana and folk genres. Her career breakthrough came with the 2007 album The Story, which featured the title track gaining widespread exposure through media placements and eventual gold certification for over 500,000 copies sold. As of 2024, Carlile has secured 11 Grammy Awards from 26 nominations, including Best Americana Album for By the Way, I Forgive You (2019) and...

    Brandi Carlile

  • Favicon Why Brandi Carlile Recited a Thomas Jefferson Statement in 'SNL' Song Added: Nov 2, 2025

    What Was Brandi Carlile Reciting on ‘SNL’? How Thomas Jefferson’s Proclamation About Separating ‘Church & State’ Made It Into a Blazing Rock Song

    Site: Variety

    Singing 'Church & State,' 'Saturday Night Live' music guest Brandi Carlile recited a letter by Thomas Jefferson, along with musically referencing U2.

    Two rarities during the musical performances on “Saturday Night Live” this weekend: actual rock ‘n’ roll was performed. Even rarer than that, Thomas Jefferson was quoted — prominently and at length — in the spot where a guitar solo might have gone. During Brandi Carlile‘s performance of the hard-rocking, U2-styled “Church & State,” Carlile offered […]

    Why Brandi Carlile Recited a Thomas Jefferson Statement in 'SNL' Song

  • Favicon Dutch voters have been seduced by positivity – liberals elsewhere, take note | Simon van Teutem | The Guardian Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Dutch voters have been seduced by positivity – liberals elsewhere, take note | Simon van Teutem

    Site: the Guardian

    By selling hope alongside progressive patriotism, the centrist D66 party widened its appeal and beat the far right, says Dutch journalist Simon van Teutem

    Dutch voters have been seduced by positivity – liberals elsewhere, take note  Simon van Teutem  The Guardian

  • Favicon Nicki Minaj on X: "Reading this made me feel a deep sense of gratitude. We live in a country where we can freely worship God. No group should ever be persecuted for practicing their religion. We don’t have to share the same beliefs in order for us to respect each other. Numerous countries all https://t.co/2M5sPiviQu" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Nicki Minaj on X: "Reading this made me feel a deep sense of gratitude. We live in a country where we can freely worship God. No group should ever be persecuted for practicing their religion. We don’t have to share the same beliefs in order for us to respect each other. Numerous countries all https://t.co/2M5sPiviQu" / X

  • Favicon Nicki Minaj on X: "I’d be honored. Thank you, Ambassador" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Nicki Minaj on X: "I’d be honored. Thank you, Ambassador" / X

  • Large reasoning models almost certainly can think | VentureBeat Added: Nov 2, 2025

  • Favicon Trump Warns Nigeria: Halt Christian Killings or Face Aid Cuts and Strikes / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Trump Warns Nigeria: Halt Christian Killings or Face Aid Cuts and Strikes / X

  • Favicon Lukas Arnold on X: "Let my man @ZohranKMamdani have a bar mitzvah https://t.co/jgIa4YRoXR" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Lukas Arnold on X: "Let my man @ZohranKMamdani have a bar mitzvah https://t.co/jgIa4YRoXR" / X

  • Favicon Andrew Cuomo on X: "Having Jeremy Corbyn - someone whose party was found to have committed unlawful acts of discrimination against Jewish people under his leadership - phone-banking for @ZohranKMamdani says everything you need to know. NY doesn’t need politics of moral compromise. We need" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Andrew Cuomo on X: "Having Jeremy Corbyn - someone whose party was found to have committed unlawful acts of discrimination against Jewish people under his leadership - phone-banking for @ZohranKMamdani says everything you need to know. NY doesn’t need politics of moral compromise. We need" / X

  • Favicon Elon Musk on X: "52 pages is a lot" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Elon Musk on X: "52 pages is a lot" / X

  • Favicon Media Rep Global Strategies on X: "Media Rep Global Strategies CEO Jason Pack joined @JonScottFNC on @FoxNews to discuss the latest developments in the Harvard explosion case and the public safety lessons behind it. 📺 Watch the full segment here: https://t.co/55dV8BHNO4 #CrisisCommunications #FBI" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Media Rep Global Strategies on X: "Media Rep Global Strategies CEO Jason Pack joined @JonScottFNC on @FoxNews to discuss the latest developments in the Harvard explosion case and the public safety lessons behind it. 📺 Watch the full segment here: https://t.co/55dV8BHNO4 CrisisCommunications FBI" / X

  • Favicon James Woods on X: "Because he knows he will never, ever be held accountable. Why, I’ll never understand, but I know it is sadly true. https://t.co/tjVOdgTgA8" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    James Woods on X: "Because he knows he will never, ever be held accountable. Why, I’ll never understand, but I know it is sadly true. https://t.co/tjVOdgTgA8" / X

  • Favicon 3I/ATLAS: Interstellar Overdone | National Review Added: Nov 2, 2025

    3I/ATLAS: Interstellar Overdone | National Review

    3I/ATLAS: Interstellar Overdone  National Review

  • Favicon Vibe Coding — Prompts Are All You Need? | by Alex Punnen | Oct, 2025 | Towards AI Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Vibe Coding — Prompts Are All You Need?

    Site: Medium

    Using Software Construction Techniques like Test Driven Development and SOLID Principles for Effective Code Generation

    Vibe Coding — Prompts Are All You Need?  by Alex Punnen  Oct, 2025  Towards AI

  • Favicon Ami Kozak on X: "It’s remarkable how so many on the Pro-Tucker, Anti-Israel train, have to frame all these people coming out against him as “coordinated”. They just can’t accept the fact that so many decent common sense folks are simply appalled at what he’s become over the last 2 years." / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Ami Kozak on X: "It’s remarkable how so many on the Pro-Tucker, Anti-Israel train, have to frame all these people coming out against him as “coordinated”. They just can’t accept the fact that so many decent common sense folks are simply appalled at what he’s become over the last 2 years." / X

  • Favicon Brandon Tatum (@TheOfficerTatum) / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Brandon Tatum (@TheOfficerTatum) / X

  • Favicon These fzf tricks will transform how you use the Linux terminal Added: Nov 2, 2025

    These fzf tricks will transform how you use the Linux terminal

    Site: How-To Geek

    I can't live without fzf, and you're missing out big time if you're not using it.

    These fzf tricks will transform how you use the Linux terminal

  • Favicon Elon Musk on X: "Maybe have more pool parties 😂" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Elon Musk on X: "Maybe have more pool parties 😂" / X

  • Favicon VraserX e/acc on X: "Hinton, the godfather of AI, said it best: we built the learning algorithms, but we no longer understand what they’ve built. That’s the paradox of deep learning. We designed the rules for how these systems learn, yet the internal logic of their neural networks has become too https://t.co/6594Dl1ALu" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    VraserX e/acc on X: "Hinton, the godfather of AI, said it best: we built the learning algorithms, but we no longer understand what they’ve built. That’s the paradox of deep learning. We designed the rules for how these systems learn, yet the internal logic of their neural networks has become too https://t.co/6594Dl1ALu" / X

  • Favicon Steven Pinker on X: "“I have nothing against diversity, equity, and inclusion. But as Voltaire said about the Holy Roman Empire: it was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire.” https://t.co/BDq5zp7fts" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Steven Pinker on X: "“I have nothing against diversity, equity, and inclusion. But as Voltaire said about the Holy Roman Empire: it was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire.” https://t.co/BDq5zp7fts" / X

  • Favicon Steven Pinker on X: "On laughter generating common knowledge: "Laughter is--like eye contact, like direct speech--generates common knowledge. When you're laughing, you know it, because your breathing is interrupted. People around you know it, because they can hear the laughter. It interrupts your https://t.co/h3cjBRacko" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Steven Pinker on X: "On laughter generating common knowledge: "Laughter is--like eye contact, like direct speech--generates common knowledge. When you're laughing, you know it, because your breathing is interrupted. People around you know it, because they can hear the laughter. It interrupts your https://t.co/h3cjBRacko" / X

  • Favicon President Trump Gaggles with Press on Air Force One, Nov 2, 2025 - YouTube Added: Nov 2, 2025

    President Trump Gaggles with Press on Air Force One, Nov 2, 2025

    Site: YouTube

    Air Force One

    President Trump Gaggles with Press on Air Force One, Nov 2, 2025 - YouTube

  • Favicon President Donald Trump's extended 60 Minutes interview - YouTube Added: Nov 2, 2025

    President Donald Trump's extended 60 Minutes interview

    Site: YouTube

    Norah O’Donnell sat down with President Donald J. Trump at Mar-a-Lago to discuss U.S.-China relations, Venezuela, Israel, the government shutdown, immigratio...

    President Donald Trump's extended 60 Minutes interview - YouTube

  • Favicon Physicists Just Ruled Out The Universe Being a Simulation : ScienceAlert Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Physicists Just Ruled Out The Universe Being a Simulation

    Site: ScienceAlert

    A question that has vexed physicists for the past century may finally have a solution – but perhaps not the one everyone was hoping for.

    Physicists Just Ruled Out The Universe Being a Simulation : ScienceAlert

  • Favicon Albert Einstein on X: "Einstein moved to Princeton on 10/17/33. Two weeks later on Halloween, a group of kids knocked on the door called out “Trick or Treat!" Einstein, unfamiliar with the tradition, came to the front porch and provided a musical treat: he serenaded them with his violin. 🎃 🎻 https://t.co/Nsx8C5p2nR" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Albert Einstein on X: "Einstein moved to Princeton on 10/17/33. Two weeks later on Halloween, a group of kids knocked on the door called out “Trick or Treat!" Einstein, unfamiliar with the tradition, came to the front porch and provided a musical treat: he serenaded them with his violin. 🎃 🎻 https://t.co/Nsx8C5p2nR" / X

  • Favicon I used Google’s 17 new AI tools to build 5 fun apps — here's how | Tom's Guide Added: Nov 2, 2025

    I used Google’s 17 new AI tools to build 5 fun apps — here's how

    Site: Tom's Guide

    Gemini now lets anyone build custom apps with its new AI APIs

    I used Google’s 17 new AI tools to build 5 fun apps — here's how  Tom's Guide

  • Favicon Elon Musk Just Had His Greatest Moment Ever - YouTube Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Elon Musk Just Had His Greatest Moment Ever

    Site: YouTube

    Join my exclusive community: https://farzad.fmWant to grow your YouTube channel? DM David CarbuttFor 10% discount quote ‘Farzad’ https://x.com/DavidCarbutt...

    Elon Musk Just Had His Greatest Moment Ever - YouTube

  • Favicon POTUS & South Korean President Lee Jae Myung at the arrival ceremony at Gyeongju National Museum - YouTube Added: Nov 2, 2025

    POTUS & South Korean President Lee Jae Myung at the arrival ceremony at Gyeongju National Museum

    Site: YouTube

    Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.

    POTUS & South Korean President Lee Jae Myung at the arrival ceremony at Gyeongju National Museum - YouTube

  • Favicon Konstantin Kisin on X: "It pains me to see people dismiss the rise of socialism as being about young people being dumb and brainwashed. The truth is, young people are always dumb and brainwashed. I certainly was at 20. The question, however, is why they are increasingly susceptible to this particular" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Konstantin Kisin on X: "It pains me to see people dismiss the rise of socialism as being about young people being dumb and brainwashed. The truth is, young people are always dumb and brainwashed. I certainly was at 20. The question, however, is why they are increasingly susceptible to this particular" / X

  • Favicon Rapid Response 47 on X: "See President Donald J. Trump's FULL interview on @60Minutes — all 73+ minutes, without the network's edits and cuts. WATCH IN FULL: https://t.co/i95cQ3Gqei" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    Rapid Response 47 on X: "See President Donald J. Trump's FULL interview on @60Minutes — all 73+ minutes, without the network's edits and cuts. WATCH IN FULL: https://t.co/i95cQ3Gqei" / X

  • ‘Adaptation’ Is Another Climate Boondoggle - WSJ Added: Nov 2, 2025

  • ‘Adaptation’ Is Another Climate Boondoggle - WSJ Added: Nov 2, 2025

  • Favicon Close Encounters of the Cognitive Kind | Psychology Today Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Close Encounters of the Cognitive Kind

    Site: Psychology Today

    A Personal Perspective: When I introduced Steven Pinker, it felt like our worldviews couldn't have been more different. Here's why that dissonance was exactly the point.

    Close Encounters of the Cognitive Kind  Psychology Today

  • Favicon Beyond AI: Why Psychology Needs Both Numbers and Narratives | Psychology Today Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Beyond AI: Why Psychology Needs Both Numbers and Narratives

    Site: Psychology Today

    Psychology stands at a rare crossroads, showing why science and story must flow together if universities are to survive in the age of AI.

    Beyond AI: Why Psychology Needs Both Numbers and Narratives  Psychology Today

  • Favicon RC O'Leary on X: "@JakeCan72 The problem for traditional Democrats is their policies failed to generate the improvements they promised. They didn't make things better they made things worse which meant two things: 1) Democrats could not use positive results as a justification to keep Socialists out of their" / X Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Site: X (formerly Twitter)

    RC O'Leary on X: "@JakeCan72 The problem for traditional Democrats is their policies failed to generate the improvements they promised. They didn't make things better they made things worse which meant two things: 1) Democrats could not use positive results as a justification to keep Socialists out of their" / X

  • Favicon Trump discusses nuclear testing and government shutdown in '60 Minutes' interview Added: Nov 2, 2025

    5 takeaways from Trump’s ‘60 Minutes’ interview

    Site: The Hill

    President Trump returned to “60 Minutes” on Sunday for his first sit-down interview with the program and with CBS News since its parent company earlier this year settled a lawsuit with th…

    President Trump returned to “60 Minutes” on Sunday for his first sit-down interview with the program and with CBS News since its parent company earlier this year settled a lawsuit with the president. Correspondent Norah O’Donnell sat down with Trump on Friday at his Mar-a-Lago estate, where there was a passing mention of the contentious history between the president and the network, plus numerous questions on the ongoing government shutdown, foreign policy and some of Trump’s more controversial moves since retaking office in January. Here are five takeaways from the interview. The sit-down between Trump and O’Donnell marked the latest twist in the acrimonious relationship between the president and “60 Minutes.” Trump made a reference to the settlement paid to him by the network's parent company, and he ribbed O'Donnell at multiple points. "And actually, '60 Minutes' paid me a lot of money. And you don't have to put this on, because I don't want to embarrass you, and I'm sure you're not — you have a great — I think you have a great, new leader, frankly, who's the young woman that's leading your whole enterprise is a great, from what I know," Trump said, referencing recently appointed CBS Editor-in-Chief Bari Weiss. At another point, after O’Donnell did not engage with Trump’s question about whether she noticed a drop in crime in Washington, D.C., the president quipped that he didn’t “want to embarrass her.” “That's good. You don't have to use that one. Don't worry. Don't worry. I don't want to embarrass her,” Trump said. It was the first time Trump had done an interview with CBS since he sued the network and its parent company, Paramount Global, over a “60 Minutes” interview former Vice President Kamala Harris sat down for last year. Trump claimed the network intentionally edited Harris's answer to a question on the war in Gaza in an effort to make her sound more coherent. The network rejected that premise in court documents and public statements. Still, Paramount Global, which recently completed a merger with Skydance, agreed to pay $16 million to the president’s future presidential library as part of a settlement. During the 2024 campaign, then-candidate Trump canceled a planned interview with “60 Minutes” in the closing weeks of the presidential race. The program said the campaign offered “shifting explanations” for the cancellation, while the Trump campaign alleged no interview was ever finalized. Trump during the 2020 campaign sat for a contentious interview on “60 Minutes” with Lesley Stahl in which he walked out over a clash regarding Hunter Biden’s laptop. Trump was asked about his recent direction for the government to resume nuclear testing, a move that has sparked both logistical questions and concerns about escalating tensions. In defending the decision, Trump argued countries other than North Korea were testing nuclear weapons. “Russia's testing nuclear weapons,” Trump said. “And China's testing them, too. You just don't know about it.” “That would be certainly very newsworthy,” O’Donnell responded, noting Russia had tested a delivery system for nuclear weapons, but not the warhead itself. “Russia's testing, and China's testing, but they don't talk about it,” Trump said. “You know, we're a open society. We're different. We talk about it. We have to talk about it, because otherwise you people are going to report — they don't have reporters that going to be writing about it. We do. “No, we're going to test, because they test and others test,” he added. “And certainly North Korea's been testing. Pakistan's been testing.” The U.S. halted the explosive testing of nuclear arms in 1992. Trump’s directive has divided lawmakers, with Republicans defending the move and Democrats questioning the safety and effectiveness of resuming nuclear tests. The president’s interview aired two days before Election Day, which features gubernatorial races in Virginia and New Jersey and a mayoral race in New York City. Trump has opined frequently on the New York City contest, where Democratic nominee Zohran Mamdani is leading in the polls over Republican candidate Curtis Sliwa and former Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D), who is mounting a third-party bid. The president has not endorsed a candidate in the race, but he indicated on “60 Minutes” that he viewed Cuomo as the lesser of two evils compared to Mamdani, a 34-year-old democratic socialist. “It's going to be hard for me as the president to give a lot of money to New York. Because if you have a communist running New York, all you're doing is wasting the money you're sending there,” Trump said. “So I don't know that he's won, and I'm not a fan of Cuomo one way or the other, but if it's going to be between a bad Democrat and a communist, I'm gonna pick the bad Democrat all the time, to be honest with you.” Sunday’s interview aired as the government shutdown was nearing the record for the longest in history. But Trump did not offer any new ideas for how to break the impasse, telling O’Donnell his plan was to continue to force Democrats to vote on reopening the government. “I mean, the Republicans are voting almost unanimously to end it, and the Democrats keep voting against ending it,” Trump said. “You know, they've never had this. This has happened like 18 times before. The Democrats always voted for an extension, always saying, ‘Give us an extension, we'll work it out.’” Democrats have repeatedly rejected a continuing resolution put forward by Republicans that would fund the government at existing levels, insisting any funding deal include commitments to extend Affordable Care Act subsidies that are set to expire at the end of the year. The expiration of those subsidies is set to cause a sharp increase in premiums. Trump has said he would be willing to discuss health care with Democrats once the government is reopened. But he told “60 Minutes” that did not mean he would put forward a health care plan of his own. “No. We will work on fixing the bad health care that we have,” Trump said. “Right now, we have terrible health care and too expensive for the people. Not for the government, for the people.” Trump brushed off questions about some of the more controversial aspects of his second term so far, such as the aggressive tactics of immigration agents and the indictments of his political rivals. O’Donnell asked Trump if Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids had gone “too far,” citing recent incidents where officers deployed tear gas in a residential neighborhood of Chicago and smashed car windows. “No. I think they haven't gone far enough, because we've been held back by the judges, by the liberal judges that were put in by Biden and by Obama,” Trump said. “You're OK with those tactics?” O’Donnell asked. “Yeah, because you have to get the people out,” Trump said. O’Donnell also pressed Trump on the indictments of former FBI Director James Comey, New York Attorney General Letitia James (D) and former national security adviser John Bolton, all of whom have been outspoken critics of the president. Those indictments have raised alarms that Trump is using the Justice Department to target his opponents and exerting political pressure on the typically independent agency. Trump claimed the indictments were “the opposite” of retribution, pointing to his own various criminal cases during the 2024 campaign. "I think I've been very mild-mannered," Trump said. "You're looking at a man who was indicted many times, and I had to beat the rap," Trump said. "Otherwise, I couldn't have run for president. They tried to get me not to run for president by going after me and by indicting me."

    Trump discusses nuclear testing and government shutdown in '60 Minutes' interview

  • Favicon Trump talks NYC mayoral race, government shutdown and nuclear weapons in tense ‘60 Minutes’ return Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Trump talks NYC mayoral race, government shutdown and nuclear weapons in tense ‘60 Minutes’ return

    Site: New York Post

    President Trump tore into Democrats over the ongoing government shutdown, justified his order to restart nuclear weapons testing in the US and defended his administration’s ICE raids in a “60…

    Trump talks NYC mayoral race, government shutdown and nuclear weapons in tense ‘60 Minutes’ return

  • Overcharge protection no longer works on android 15. : r/motorola Added: Nov 2, 2025

  • Favicon Google's AI co-scientist just solved a biological mystery that took humans a decade Added: Nov 2, 2025

    Google's AI co-scientist just solved a biological mystery that took humans a decade

    Site: PsyPost - Psychology News

    A specialized Google AI is now functioning as a "co-scientist" for researchers. In two recent studies, the system proposed novel drug targets for liver disease and solved a complex genetic mystery faster than human experts.

    Can artificial intelligence function as a partner in scientific discovery, capable of generating novel, testable hypotheses that rival those of human experts? Two recent studies highlight how a specialized AI developed by Google not only identified drug candidates that showed significant anti-fibrotic activity in a laboratory model of chronic liver disease but also independently deduced a complex mechanism of bacterial gene transfer that had taken human scientists years to solve.

    The process of scientific discovery has traditionally relied on human ingenuity, combining deep expertise with creative insight to formulate new questions and design experiments. However, the sheer volume of published research makes it challenging for any single scientist to connect disparate ideas across different fields. A new wave of artificial intelligence tools aims to address this challenge by augmenting, and accelerating, human-led research.

    One such tool is Google's AI co-scientist, which its developers hope will significantly alter the landscape of biomedical research. Recent studies published in <em>Advanced Science</em> and <em>Cell </em>provide early evidence of this potential, showing the system's ability to not only sift through vast datasets but also to engage in a reasoning process that can lead to high-impact discoveries. <h2>Google's AI Co-scientist: A Multi-Agent System for Discovery</h2> <a href="https://research.google/blog/accelerating-scientific-breakthroughs-with-an-ai-co-scientist/">Google's AI co-scientist</a> is a multi-agent system built upon the Gemini 2.0 large language model, designed to mirror the iterative process of the scientific method. It operates not as a single entity, but as a team of specialized AI agents working together. This structure is intended to help scientists generate new research ideas, create detailed proposals, and plan experiments.

    The system operates through a "scientist-in-the-loop" model, where human experts can provide initial research goals, offer feedback, and guide the AI's exploration using natural language. The specialized agents each handle a distinct part of the scientific reasoning process. The Generation Agent acts as a brainstormer, exploring scientific literature and engaging in simulated debates to produce initial ideas. The Reflection Agent serves as a peer reviewer, critically assessing these ideas for quality, novelty, and plausibility.

    Other agents contribute to refining the output. The Ranking Agent runs an Elo-based tournament, similar to chess rankings, to prioritize the most promising hypotheses. The Evolution Agent works to improve top-ranked ideas by combining concepts or thinking in unconventional ways. A Meta-review Agent synthesizes all the feedback to improve the performance of the other agents over time. This collaborative, self-improving cycle is designed to produce increasingly novel and high-quality scientific insights. <h2>AI Pinpoints New Drug Candidates for Liver Fibrosis</h2> In the study published in <em>Advanced Science</em>, researchers partnered with Google to explore new ways of treating liver fibrosis, a progressive condition marked by excessive scarring in the liver. Current treatment options are extremely limited, in part because existing models for studying the disease do not accurately replicate how fibrosis develops in the human liver. These limitations have hindered drug development for years.

    To address this gap, the research team asked the AI co-scientist to generate new, testable hypotheses for treating liver fibrosis. Specifically, they tasked the AI with exploring how epigenomic mechanisms—chemical changes that influence gene activity without altering the DNA sequence—might be targeted to reduce or reverse fibrosis.

    "For the data used in the paper, we provided a single prompt and received a response from AI co-scientist, which are shown in supplemental data file 1," explained <a href="https://peltzlab.stanford.edu/team/gary-peltz/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gary Peltz</a>, a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine. "The prompt was carefully prepared, providing the area (epigenomic effects in liver fibrosis) and experimental methods (use of our hepatic organoids) to focus on. However, in most cases, it is important to iteratively engage with an AI in order to better define the question and enable it to provide a more complete answer."

    The AI system scanned the scientific literature and proposed that three classes of epigenomic regulators could be promising targets for anti-fibrotic therapy: histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4). It also outlined experimental techniques for testing these ideas, such as single-cell RNA sequencing to track how the drugs might affect different cell populations. The researchers incorporated these suggestions into their experimental design.

    To test the AI’s proposals, the team used a laboratory system based on human hepatic organoids—three-dimensional cell cultures derived from stem cells that resemble key features of the human liver. These mini-organs contain a mix of liver cell types and can model fibrosis when exposed to fibrotic triggers like TGF-beta, a molecule known to promote scarring. The organoid system allowed researchers to assess not just whether a drug could reduce fibrosis, but also whether it would be toxic or promote regeneration of liver tissue.

    The findings provided evidence that two of the drug classes proposed by AI (HDAC inhibitors and BRD4 inhibitors) showed strong anti-fibrotic effects. One of the tested compounds, Vorinostat, is an FDA-approved cancer drug. In the organoid model, it not only suppressed fibrosis but also appeared to stimulate the growth of healthy liver cells.

    "Since I was working on the text for a grant submission in this area, I was surprised by the AI co-scientist output," Peltz told PsyPost.

    In particular, Peltz was struck by how little prior research had explored this potential. After checking PubMed, he found over 180,000 papers on liver fibrosis in general, but only seven that mentioned Vorinostat in this context. Of those, four turned out to be unrelated to fibrosis, and another only referenced the drug in a data table without actually testing it. That left just two studies directly investigating Vorinostat for liver fibrosis.

    While the HDAC and BRD4 inhibitors showed promising effects, the third AI-recommended class, DNMT1 inhibitors, did not. One compound in this category was too toxic to the organoids to be considered viable for further study.

    To evaluate the AI's performance, Peltz also selected two additional drug targets for comparison based on existing literature. These were chosen precisely because they had more published support suggesting they might work against fibrosis.

    But when tested in the same organoid system, the inhibitors targeting those well-supported pathways did not reduce fibrosis. This outcome suggested that the AI was able to surface potentially effective treatments that human researchers might have missed, despite extensive literature reviews.

    Looking ahead, Peltz said his team is "developing additional data with our liver organoid system to determine if Vorinostat can be effective for reducing an established fibrosis, and we are talking with some organizations and drug companies about the potential for Vorinostat being tested as an anti-fibrotic agent." <h2>An AI Recapitulates a Decade-Long Discovery in Days</h2> In a separate demonstration of its reasoning power, the AI co-scientist was challenged to solve a biological mystery that had taken a team at Imperial College London over a decade to unravel. The research, published in <em>Cell</em>, focused on a peculiar family of mobile genetic elements in bacteria known as capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands, or cf-PICIs.

    Scientists were puzzled by how identical cf-PICIs were found in many different species of bacteria. This was unexpected because these elements rely on viruses called phages to spread, and phages typically have a very narrow host range, often infecting only a single species or strain. The human research team had already solved the puzzle through years of complex experiments, but their findings were not yet public.

    They had discovered a novel mechanism they termed "tail piracy," where cf-PICIs produce their own DNA-filled "heads" (capsids) but lack tails. These tailless particles are then released and can hijack tails from a wide variety of other phages infecting different bacterial species, creating chimeric infectious particles that can inject the cf-PICI's genetic material into a new host.

    To test the AI co-scientist, the researchers provided it only with publicly available information from before their discovery was made and posed the same question: how do identical cf-PICIs spread across different bacterial species?

    The AI co-scientist generated five ranked hypotheses. Its top-ranked suggestion was that cf-PICIs achieve their broad host range through "capsid-tail interactions," proposing that the cf-PICI heads could interact with a wide range of phage tails. This hypothesis almost perfectly mirrored the "tail piracy" mechanism the human team had spent years discovering.

    The AI, unburdened by the researchers' initial assumptions and biases from existing scientific models, arrived at the core of the discovery in a matter of days. When the researchers benchmarked this result, they found that other leading AI models were not able to produce the same correct hypothesis, suggesting a more advanced reasoning capability in the AI co-scientist system. <h2>Limitations and the Path Forward</h2> Despite these promising results, researchers involved in the work caution that significant limitations remain. The performance of the AI co-scientist has so far been evaluated on a small number of specific biological problems. More testing is needed to determine if this capability can be generalized across other scientific domains. The AI's reasoning is also dependent on the quality and completeness of the publicly available data it analyzes, which may contain its own biases or gaps in knowledge.

    Perhaps most importantly, human expertise remains essential. While an AI can generate a large volume of plausible hypotheses, it lacks the deep contextual judgment that comes from years of hands-on experience. An experienced scientist is still needed to evaluate which ideas are truly worth pursuing and to design the precise experiments required for validation. The challenge of how to prioritize AI-generated ideas is substantial, as traditional experimental pipelines are not fast or inexpensive enough to test every promising lead.

    "Generally, AI output must be evaluated by people with knowledge in the area; and AI output is most valuable to those with domain-specific expertise because they are best positioned to assess it and to make use of it," Peltz told PsyPost.

    Nevertheless, these two studies provide evidence that AI systems are evolving from helpful assistants into true collaborative partners in the scientific process. By generating novel and experimentally verifiable hypotheses, tools like the AI co-scientist have the potential to supercharge human intuition and accelerate the pace of scientific and biomedical breakthroughs.

    "I believe that AI will dramatically accelerate the pace of discovery for many biomedical areas and will soon be used to improve patient care," Peltz said. "My lab is currently using it for genetic discovery and for drug re-purposing, but there are many other areas of bioscience that will soon be impacted. At present, I believe that AI co-scientist is the best in this area, but this is a rapidly advancing field."

    The study, "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202508751">AI-Assisted Drug Re-Purposing for Human Liver Fibrosis</a>," was authored by Yuan Guan, Lu Cui, Jakkapong Inchai, Zhuoqing Fang, Jacky Law, Alberto Alonzo Garcia Brito, Annalisa Pawlosky, Juraj Gottweis, Alexander Daryin, Artiom Myaskovsky, Lakshmi Ramakrishnan, Anil Palepu, Kavita Kulkarni, Wei-Hung Weng, Zhuanfen Cheng, Vivek Natarajan, Alan Karthikesalingam, Keran Rong, Yunhan Xu, Tao Tu, and Gary Peltz.

    The study, "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chimeric infective particles expand species boundaries in phage-inducible chromosomal island mobilization</a>," was authored by Lingchen He, Jonasz B. Patkowski, Jinlong Wang, Laura Miguel-Romero, Christopher H.S. Aylett, Alfred Fillol-Salom, Tiago R.D. Costa, and José R. Penadés.

    The study, "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AI mirrors experimental science to uncover a mechanism of gene transfer crucial to bacterial evolution</a>," was authored by José R. Penadés, Juraj Gottweis, Lingchen He, Jonasz B. Patkowski, Alexander Daryin, Wei-Hung Weng, Tao Tu, Anil Palepu, Artiom Myaskovsky, Annalisa Pawlosky, Vivek Natarajan, Alan Karthikesalingam, and Tiago R.D. Costa.

    Google's AI co-scientist just solved a biological mystery that took humans a decade

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