Bookmarks 2025-03-31T19:43:55.208Z
by Owen Kibel
44 min read
88 New Bookmarks
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| The House of Life: I. Love-Sight - YouTube Music Mar 31, 2025 The House of Life: I. Love-Sight - YouTube Music YouTube Music Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises The House of Life: I. Love-Sight · Anthony Rolfe Johnson · David Willison · Ralph Vaughan Wiliams · Ralph Vau... |
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| | Habanera No. 1 In F Minor - YouTube Music
Mar 31, 2025
Habanera No. 1 In F Minor - YouTube Music
YouTube Music
Provided to YouTube by DistroKid Habanera No. 1 In F Minor · Eric Christian · Iraz Yıldız · Iraz Yıldız Habanera No. 1 In F Minor â Maison Christian Rele... |
| | La fille aux cheveux de lin - YouTube Music
Mar 31, 2025
La fille aux cheveux de lin - YouTube Music
YouTube Music
Provided to YouTube by Sony Classical La fille aux cheveux de lin · Jeneba Kanneh-Mason · Claude Debussy "Ballade" - Music for a Workday â 2024 Sony Class... |
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Mar 31, 2025
NASA'a SpaceX crew-9 holds post-flight news conference
YouTube
NASA astronauts Nick Hague, Suni Williams, and Butch Wilmore hold a post-flight press conference. #foxnews Subscribe to Fox News! https://bit.ly/2vBUvASWatch... |
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Mar 31, 2025
A man pulls up and BLOCKS a woman driving a Tesla then runs out and starts punching her IN THE FACE
YouTube
The Green Room - https://rumble.com/playlists/aa56qw_g-j0BUY CAST BREW COFFEE TO FIGHT BACK - https://castbrew.com/Join The Discord Server - https://timcast.... |
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| 5 NotebookLM tips I use to supercharge my productivity
Mar 31, 2025
5 NotebookLM tips I use to supercharge my productivity
XDA
Unlock peak productivity with these NotebookLM hacks |
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Mar 31, 2025
Astronauts refuse to cast blame after delayed rescue: 'Don't want to point fingers'
YouTube
Astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore sit down with 'America's Newsroom' co-anchor Bill Hemmer to discuss their experience in space after being on the I... |
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Mar 31, 2025
Elon Musk issues chilling warning: This could determine the 'destiny of humanity'
YouTube
Fox News' Brooke Singman reports the latest on pivotal elections in Wisconsin and Florida. Florida State Sen. Randy Fine also joins 'Fox & Friends' to discus... |
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Mar 31, 2025
Piers Morgan: Democrats are toxic for this one reason
YouTube
The 'Piers Morgan Uncensored' host discusses Democrats' brand and messaging after Gov. Gavin Newsom called the party 'toxic.' #FoxNewsSubscribe to Fox News! ... |
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Mar 31, 2025
White House Kitchen Garden, March 2025
YouTube
We were honored to welcome these curious, young gardeners to the White House this past week! With the help of the National Park Service, they planted fresh f... |
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Mar 31, 2025
Running up that hill Cover in Early Middle English BARDCORE/MEDIEVAL version. Original by Kate Bush.
YouTube
Always had a thing for dramatic, theatrical, singing English women. Why? XD I FOKKEN love Kate Bush that's why haha and I'm so happy to finally cover a song ... |
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Mar 31, 2025
We Didn't Start the Fire (Bardcore | Medieval/Renaissance Style Cover)
YouTube
ⶠSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/track/7oAgvVwMu668VMo088zLkp?si=2f859a30d0fc4b1aⶠConsider supporting the channel on Patreon: https://patreon.com/hildega... |
| | Arch Linux and Hyprland has transformed my laptop
Mar 31, 2025
5 ways Hyprland transformed how I use my Linux laptop
XDA
Moving from floating windows has transformed my laptop workflow. |
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| Remnants of the Polar Vortex Collapse will bring Winter back into the United States and Canada in April » Severe Weather Europe
Mar 31, 2025
Remnants of the Polar Vortex Collapse will bring Winter back into the United States and Canada in April
Severe Weather Europe
The remnants of the Stratospheric Warming event from mid-March will bring unusually cold air into the United States and Canada in mid-April |
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Mar 31, 2025
Elon Musk Wisconsin Town Hall (Full) | FOX 5 News
YouTube
Here's a look back at Elon Musk's full remarks and question and answer segment at the Town Hall in Green Bay, Wisconsin, to rally for Judge Brad Schimel for ... |
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| There is no Vibe Engineering | Hacker News
Mar 31, 2025
There is no Vibe Engineering | Hacker News |
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Mar 31, 2025
FELONY CHARGE For Woman Who Used GUM To Damages Tesla Mechanism, Liberals Cry OVERCHARGED
YouTube
The Green Room - https://rumble.com/playlists/aa56qw_g-j0BUY CAST BREW COFFEE TO FIGHT BACK - https://castbrew.com/Join The Discord Server - https://timcast.... |
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Mar 31, 2025
AI eats social media as xAI swallows X
Axios
Social networks are now "legacy" tech, mined for their data to feed newer AI projects. |
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Mar 31, 2025
Millions Spent on Crucial Special Elections, New Columbia Tension, Trump Warns Putin: AM Update 3/31
YouTube
President Trump sticking by National Security Advisor Mike Waltz after a Signal chat misstep. Democrats and Republicans pour millions into deep red special e... |
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Mar 31, 2025
Marine Le Pen BANNED From Presidential Election In France, EU GOES ROGUE, Bans Right Wing From Vote
YouTube
The Green Room - https://rumble.com/playlists/aa56qw_g-j0BUY CAST BREW COFFEE TO FIGHT BACK - https://castbrew.com/Join The Discord Server - https://timcast.... |
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Mar 31, 2025
Rosie OâDonnell Suggests Trump STOLE The Election & Elon OWNS The Internet, Her Brain Is FRIED
YouTube
SUPPORT THE SHOW BUY CAST BREW COFFEE NOW - https://castbrew.com/Sign Up For Exclusive Episodes At https://timcast.com/Merch - https://timcast.creator-spring... |
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Mar 31, 2025
Episode 2795 CWSA 03/31/25
YouTube
Wisconsin might ruin the world, Le Pen lawfared, DOGE wows, Trump threatens~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~If you would like to enjoy this same cont... |
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Mar 31, 2025
Man DROVE CAR Into Tesla Protesters, ARRESTED & Charged, DOJ THREATENS Arrests As VIOLENCE Escalates
YouTube
The Green Room - https://rumble.com/playlists/aa56qw_g-j0BUY CAST BREW COFFEE TO FIGHT BACK - https://castbrew.com/Join The Discord Server - https://timcast.... |
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Mar 31, 2025
They Have NO Argument AGAINST Tesla #shorts
YouTube
The Green Room - https://rumble.com/playlists/aa56qw_g-j0BUY CAST BREW COFFEE TO FIGHT BACK - https://castbrew.com/Join The Discord Server - https://timcast.... |
| | Quantum Cameras Capture Lifeâs First Moments
Mar 31, 2025
Quantum Cameras Capture Lifeâs First Moments
SciTechDaily
University of Adelaide scientists used quantum cameras to safely image live embryos, advancing IVF and biological imaging techniques. Researchers at the University of Adelaide have conducted the first imaging of embryos using cameras specifically designed for quantum-level measurements. Expert |
| | Trump on Putin: 'I don't think he's going to go back on his word' - POLITICO
Mar 31, 2025
Trump on Putin: âI don't think he's going to go back on his wordâ
POLITICO
The president had earlier said he was âpissed offâ with the Russian president. |
| | Forget Notion and Obsidian, 5 reasons Googleâs AI note-taking tool is the future of productivity
Mar 31, 2025
Forget Notion and Obsidian, 5 reasons Googleâs AI note-taking tool is the future of productivity
XDA
Why NotebookLM is crushing Notion for serious productivity |
| | Losing My Nonreligion - WSJ
Mar 30, 2025 |
| | daniel boyarin heresiologists - Google Search
Mar 30, 2025
Google Search |
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Mar 30, 2025
'Songs of Ascent' by Joey Weisenberg & The Hadar Ensemble
YouTube
Videos from the recording sessions for Joey Weisenberg's album, Nigunim, Vol. VII: Songs of Ascent. Filmed by Shmulie Lowenstein for Rising Song Records. |
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Mar 30, 2025
The Kiffness x Grunting Koala (Drum & Bass Morning Routine)
YouTube
Anyone else's morning routine look like this? đšđïž TOUR TICKETS 2025 đșđžđšđŠđŠđșđȘđș đDates, cities & ticket links at https://thekiffness.com đșđžđšđŠ Nor... |
| | Trump Meets Maher at White House, Kid Rock and White Attend / X
Mar 30, 2025 |
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Mar 30, 2025
âPutinâs philosopherâ compares âTrumpâs Americaâ with âPutinâs Russiaâ
YouTube
Russian philosopher and political theorist often referred to as âPutinâs brainâ Alexander Dugin joins CNNâs Fareed Zakaria from Moscowhttps://alexanderdugin.... |
| | Trump to Meet Maher at White House / X
Mar 30, 2025 |
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Mar 30, 2025
Treaty of Versailles and Team Trump Plows Ahead
YouTube
Description: Join the weekend episode with Victor Davis Hanson and cohost Sami Winc. They discuss some recent news and the Treaty of Versailles following WWI... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Dr. Matt Ridley - Birds, Sex & Beauty - Charles Darwin's Strangest Idea (THE SAAD TRUTH_1829)
YouTube
We discuss evolution, natural selection, sexual selection, evolutionary psychology, sexual signalling in birds, and the lab leak theory of COVID among many o... |
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Mar 30, 2025
"I own nothing, have no privacy, and life has never been better" (THE SAAD TRUTH_1831)
YouTube
Ida Auken's article: https://medium.com/world-economic-forum/welcome-to-2030-i-own-nothing-have-no-privacy-and-life-has-never-been-better-ee2eed62f710_______... |
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Mar 30, 2025
SNEAK PEEK: Rescued astronauts speak for first time since return to Earth
YouTube
'The Big Weekend Show' shares a sneak peek of Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams' interview with 'America's Newsroom.' #foxnews #foxnews #nasa #space #spacex #s... |
| | Number of injunctions halting Trump policies trounces predecessors by double | Fox News
Mar 30, 2025
Redirect Notice |
| | All-in On China â Outside the Beltway
Mar 30, 2025
All-in On China
Outside the Beltway
A natural evolution in American foreign policy, albeit a concerning one. |
| | The War on Higher Ed â Outside the Beltway
Mar 30, 2025
The War on Higher Ed
Outside the Beltway
Elite American universities are surrending at an astonishing pace. |
| | WHCA Dinner Cancels Comedian After White House Complains â Outside the Beltway
Mar 30, 2025
WHCA Dinner Cancels Comedian After White House Complains
Outside the Beltway
The Nerd Prom chickens out. |
| | Democrats Preparing for Trump Win â Outside the Beltway
Mar 30, 2025
Democrats Preparing for Trump Win
Outside the Beltway
Progressive activists are preparing to "democracy-proof" the country. |
| | Convert Linux to Windows | Hacker News
Mar 30, 2025
Convert Linux to Windows | Hacker News |
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| 7 Things Nobody Tells You About Dual Booting Linux and Windows
Mar 30, 2025
7 Things Nobody Tells You About Dual Booting Linux and Windows
How-To Geek
Truths about dual booting I learned the hard way. |
| | Trump won't rule out a third term - POLITICO
Mar 30, 2025
Trump won't rule out a third term
POLITICO
Any push by Trump or his allies to get the president into the Oval for a third time would run directly counter to the Constitution's 22nd Amendment. |
| | Great potoo: The 'tree stump' bird with a haunting growl and can see with its eyes closed | Live Science
Mar 30, 2025
The 'tree stump' bird with a haunting growl and can see with its eyes closed
livescience.com
Throughout the night, great potoos emit a loud, moaning growl that has earned the bird a mythical status, with some communities believing the sounds to be children calling for lost parents. |
| | Phone makers are ditching Gorilla Glass, but what gives? - Android Authority
Mar 30, 2025
Phone makers are ditching Gorilla Glass, but what gives?
Android Authority
I've seen a trend in recent years for some smartphone manufacturers to ditch Gorilla Glass and make their own glass. But why? |
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Mar 30, 2025
Trumpâs education secretary spotlights $3 trillion worth of questionable spending
YouTube
Secretary of Education Linda McMahon joins âSunday Morning Futuresâ to break down President Donald Trumpâs plan to dismantle the Department of Education. #fo... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Trumpâs education secretary spotlights $3 trillion worth of questionable spending
YouTube
Secretary of Education Linda McMahon joins âSunday Morning Futuresâ to break down President Donald Trumpâs plan to dismantle the Department of Education. #fo... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Were The LEAKED War Plans Really An Accident?
YouTube
SUPPORT THE SHOW BUY CAST BREW COFFEE NOW - https://castbrew.com/Sign Up For Exclusive Episodes At https://timcast.com/Merch - https://timcast.creator-spring... |
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Mar 30, 2025
When You Hit A WRONG Note In Classical vs Jazz
YouTube
Hitting wrong notes in classical vs jazz has very different effects đ I love and play both genres so this is all just in good fun! Remember to tap like and ... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Playing bass with a bow actually sounds HEAVENLY
YouTube
I play the bass with a BOW for the first time... Remember to BOW like and subscribe if you enjoyed this!My Tapping Course on SBL: https://scottsbasslessons.c... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Scarborough Fair Cover In Middle English BARDCORE
YouTube
Hope the holiday season is going wonderfully for all of you. Got nothing much to say except that I love this song, Hope you enjoy it as much as I did making ... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Sound of Silence Cover in Classical Latin (BARDCORE)
YouTube
What Marc Anthony sang after he gave an epic speech at Caesar's funeral.One of my favorite songs and one I was supposed to upload on the Ides of march this y... |
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Mar 30, 2025
RÄ«Äa ÄastlÄah - Never gonna give you up Cover In Old English. Bardcore/Medieval style
YouTube
You should have been here for the premiere and got RÄ«ÄhlÄfinÄelettan. XD (Big thanks to HroĂ°gar GliÆżĂŸeof for OE-fying the names too)Original by Rick Astley :... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Episode 2794 CWSA 03/30/25
YouTube
DEI criminals, Tesla dancing protests, Trump, and lots of other fun.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~If you would like to enjoy this same content plu... |
| | Liberty Vittert Capito on X: "Groceries will be unaffordable. New piece https://t.co/i8QKPNxPps" / X
Mar 30, 2025 |
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Mar 30, 2025
MAHA will make groceries unaffordable for many
The Hill
Will no one be honest about the trade-offs?
The MAHA or "Make America Healthy Again" movement has taken center stage across the U.S. It is successfully pressuring the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ban food-dyes and trying to ban the use of food stamps (that is, SNAP benefits) for sugary sodas and junk food. But what no one is talking about is how these proposed food-dye bans could cost American families thousands, if not tens of thousands, of dollars a year. At least 20 other states are looking to follow the example of West Virginia, which just enacted a bill banning foods containing most artificial food-dyes and two preservatives. Starting this fall, products containing the dyes and preservatives will not be allowed to be served in schools, and shortly after that, products containing these dyes and preservative wonât be sold in the state at all. Iâm all for healthier food and the ethos of the MAHA movement, but I am afraid its good intentions are being hijacked by people who do not care about the average American. There is no free lunch, so what we need to ask is, what are the costs of this ban? Its effects on food flavor is the least of our worries. To start, schools may end up paying significantly more for food â a cost that will be passed on to taxpayers. When the full ban comes into effect, the poorest among us â and frankly, also not the poorest â will have grocery bills that double, triple or even quadruple. To be clear, this legislation means most cereal, potato chips, vegetable oil, bread, chewing gum, grocery store baked goods, trail mix, granola bars, salad dressings, candy, flavored yogurt, condiments, pickles, soft drinks and really everything else that tastes good will be banned for purchase. And again, this is the least of our worries. There will be much larger unintended consequences. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the average cost of a school lunch is $3.81. With about 50 million kids in the U.S. enrolled in public school, and assuming 180 school days per year, the total cost per year would be about $34 billion. If the food served has to be free of not just dyes but also preservatives that extend food's shelf-life, the food purchased will easily be three to four times greater, leading to an extra $650 in expenses per taxpayer per year. True, these costs are bound to go down as more states adopt these policies, but it could take years of significantly more expensive food to get there, and we will likely never get back down to current levels. A much bigger issue will be the grocery bills once the law fully takes effect. Those in the lowest income bracket spend, on average, $5,300 on food per year. Households in the middle income bracket spend about $9,000 per year. Although most people assume that the lowest income bracket buys the most junk food, it is pretty clear that middle-income brackets buy quite a bit themselves. If you assume a mere doubling of food costs (and that is a very conservative estimate), that implies a $5,000 to $9,000 increase in food costs for families each year. An immediate increase in cost will stem from the need to buy food with ânaturalâ source colors that may also not last as long for lack of preservatives. For example, a dye-free snack bar from Truvani â the health food company of one of MAHAâs most vocal proponents â runs $42 for 12 bars, compared to $5 for 12 Nutri-grain bars that do have artificial food-dyes. That's 8.5 times more. âHealthyâ food companies will be making an absolute killing when these bans take effect. To be fair, proponents of the bans will argue that these major companies will eventually re-formulate using natural dyes and costs will come down. Iâd agree with that, and many of the major companies have already done so for certain products and have pledged to do more in the future. However, given that artificial dyes are about 90 percent pigment compared to natural source colors, which contain about 2 percent of color or pigment, this will make production costs and therefore consumer prices skyrocket. What's more, those supporting these bans have no good answer on the preservative issue at this point, except just to use different preservatives which may or may not be safer than the ones being banned. I love the idea of getting rid of artificial food-dyes and preservatives for our health â more power to the proponents of this. But will no one be honest about the trade-offs? There will be a real financial cost to this, and for what benefit? To consume enough red dye number 3 to potentially have any of the side effects for which it was banned (cancer in particular), youâd have to eat 100 cups of candy corn every day for an entire lifetime. I love candy corn, but even I canât do that. While I believe in the ethos of MAHA, I am very afraid of the unintended consequences and potentially devastating effects that these food-dye bans will have on the pocketbooks of Americans who, frankly, cannot afford it. Liberty Vittert is a professor of data science at Washington University in St. Louis and the resident on-air statistician for NewsNation, a sister company of The Hill.|
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Mar 30, 2025
RFK Jr. body shames W.Va. governor
Axios
RFK Jr. plans to put Gov. Morrisey of West Virginia on a diet. |
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Mar 30, 2025
Trump "pissed off" at Putin, threatens new tariffs
Axios
Trump also said he is considering secondary tariffs on Russian oil. |
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Mar 30, 2025
Making coffee from scratch (is hard)
YouTube
Head to https://brilliant.org/NileBlue/ for a 30-day free trial and 20% off an annual subscription!For the longest time I didn't know where coffee came from,... |
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Mar 30, 2025
Popcorn machine coffee
YouTube
Earlier today in an effort to redeem myself, I tried to roast coffee on a pan again, and it turned out pretty well. However, I didn't like how uneven the roa... |
| | The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond - Wikipedia
Mar 30, 2025
The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond - Wikipedia |
| | Inside arXivâthe Most Transformative Platform in All of Science | WIRED
Mar 30, 2025
Inside arXivâthe Most Transformative Platform in All of Science
WIRED
Modern science wouldnât exist without the online research repository known as arXiv. Three decades in, its creator still canât let it go.
Nearly 35 years ago, Ginsparg created arXiv, a digital repository where researchers could share their latest findingsâbefore those findings had been systematically reviewed or verified. Visit arXiv.org today (itâs pronounced like âarchiveâ) and youâll still see its old-school Web 1.0 design, featuring a red banner and the seal of Cornell University, the platformâs institutional home. But arXivâs unassuming facade belies the tectonic reconfiguration it set off in the scientific community. If arXiv were to stop functioning, scientists from every corner of the planet would suffer an immediate and profound disruption. âEverybody in math and physics uses it,â Scott Aaronson, a computer scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, told me. âI scan it every night.â Every industry has certain problems universally acknowledged as broken: insurance in health care, licensing in music, standardized testing in education, tipping in the restaurant business. In academia, itâs publishing. Academic publishing is dominated by for-profit giants like Elsevier and Springer. Calling their practice a form of thuggery isnât so much an insult as an economic observation. Imagine if a book publisher demanded that authors write books for free and, instead of employing in-house editors, relied on other authors to edit those books, also for free. And not only that: The final product was then sold at prohibitively expensive prices to ordinary readers, and institutions were forced to pay exorbitant fees for access. The âfree editingâ academic publishers facilitate is called peer review, the process by which fellow researchers vet new findings. This can take months, even a year. But with arXiv, scientists could post their papersâknown, at this unvetted stage, as preprintsâfor instant and free access to everyone. One of arXivâs great achievements was âshowing that you could divorce the actual transmission of your results from the process of refereeing,â said Paul Fendley, an early arXiv moderator and now a physicist at All Souls College, Oxford. During crises like the Covid pandemic, time-sensitive breakthroughs were disseminated quicklyâparticularly by bioRxiv and medRxiv, platforms inspired by arXivâpotentially saving, by one studyâs estimate, millions of lives. While arXiv submissions arenât peer-reviewed, they are moderated by experts in each field, who volunteer their time to ensure that submissions meet basic academic standards and follow arXivâs guidelines: original research only, no falsified data, sufficiently neutral language. Submissions also undergo automated checks for baseline quality control. Without these, pseudoscientific papers and amateur work would flood the platform. In 2021, the journal Nature declared arXiv one of the â10 computer codes that transformed science,â praising its role in fostering scientific collaboration. (The article is behind a paywallâunlock it for $199 a year.) By a recent count, arXiv hosts more than 2.6 million papers, receives 20,000 new submissions each month, and has 5 million monthly active users. Many of the most significant discoveries of the 21st century have first appeared on the platform. The âtransformersâ paper that launched the modern AI boom? Uploaded to arXiv. Same with the solution to the PoincarĂ© conjecture, one of the seven Millennium Prize problems, famous for their difficulty and $1 million rewards. Just because a paper is posted on arXiv doesnât mean it wonât appear in a prestigious journal someday, but itâs often where research makes its debut and stays openly available. The transformers paper is still routinely accessed via arXiv. For scientists, imagining a world without arXiv is like the rest of us imagining one without public libraries or GPS. But a look at its inner workings reveals that it isnât a frictionless utopia of open-access knowledge. Over the years, arXivâs permanence has been threatened by everything from bureaucratic strife to outdated code to even, once, a spy scandal. In the words of Ginsparg, who usually redirects interview requests to an FAQ documentâon arXiv, no lessâand tried to talk me out of visiting him in person, arXiv is âa child I sent off to college but who keeps coming back to camp out in my living room, behaving badly.â At 69 years old, Ginsparg has the lean build of a retired triathlete, his knees etched with scars collected over a lifetime of hiking, mountain climbing, and cycling. (He still leads hikes on occasion, leaving younger scientists struggling to keep up.) His attire was always relaxed, as though heâd just stepped off the Camino de Santiago, making my already casual clothes seem overdressy. Much of our time together was spent cycling the townâs rolling hills, and the maximum speed on the ebike I rented could not keep up with his efficient pedaling. Invited one afternoon to Ginspargâs office in Cornellâs physics building, I discovered it to be not âmessy,â per se, because that suggests it could be cleaned. Instead, the objects in the room seemed inert, long since resigned to their fate: unopened boxes from the 1990s, piles of Physics Today magazines, an inexplicable CRT monitor, a tossed-aside invitation to the Obama White House. New items were occasionally added to the heap. I spotted a copy of Stephen Wolframâs recent book, The Second Law, with a note from Wolfram that read, âSince you canât find it on arXiv :)â The only thing that seemed actively in use was the blackboard, dense with symbols and equations related to quantum measurement theory, sprawling with bra-ket notation. As he showed me around the building and his usual haunts, Ginsparg was gregarious, not letting a single detail slip by: the nesting patterns of local red-tailed hawks, the comings and goings of the dining staff, the plans for a new building going up behind his office. He was playful, even prankish. Midway through telling me about a podcast he was listening to, Ginsparg suddenly stopped and said, âI like your hair color, by the way, it works for youââmy hair is dyed ash gray, if anyone caresâbefore seamlessly transitioning to a story about a hard drive that had failed him. The drive, which he had sent for recovery, contained a language model, Ginspargâs latest intellectual fascination. Among his litany of peeves is that, because arXiv has seen a surge in submissions in recent times, especially in the AI category, the number of low-quality papers has followed a similar curveâand arXiv has nowhere near enough volunteers to vet them all. Hence his fussing with the drive, part of a quest to catch subpar submissions with what he calls âthe holy grail crackpot filter.â And Ginsparg thinks, as he often has in arXivâs three-decade history, that the quality would not be up to snuff if he doesnât do it himself. First came a remark from Joanne Cohn, a friend of Ginspargâs and a postdoc at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, who maintained a mailing list for physics preprints. At the time, there was no centralized way to access these preprints. Unless researchers were on certain mailing listsâwhich were predicated on their affiliations with prestigious institutionsâor knew exactly whom to contact via email, they had to wait months to read new work in published journals. Then came an offhand comment from a physicist worried about his computerâs storage filling up with emailed articles while he was traveling. Ginsparg, who had been coding since high school, asked Cohn if sheâd considered automating the distribution process. She hadnât and told him to go ahead and do it himself. âMy recollection is that the next day heâd come up with the scripts and seemed pretty happy about having done it so quickly,â Cohn told me. âItâs hard to communicate how different it was at the time. Paul had really seen ahead.â Hearing tales from and about Ginsparg, you canât help but see him as a sort of Forrest Gump figure of the internet age, who found himself at crucial junctures and crossed paths with revolutionary figures. As an undergrad at Harvard, he was classmates with Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer; his older brother was a graduate student at Stanford studying with Terry Winograd, an AI pioneer. The brothers both had email addresses and access to Arpanet, the precursor to the internet, at a time when few others did. After earning his PhD in theoretical physics at Cornell, Ginsparg began teaching at Harvard. A career there wasnât to be: He wasnât granted tenureâHarvard is infamous for thisâand started looking for a job elsewhere. Thatâs when Ginsparg was recruited to Los Alamos, where he was free to do research on theoretical high-energy physics full-time, without other responsibilities. Plus, New Mexico was perfect for his active lifestyle. When arXiv started, it wasnât a website but an automated email server (and within a few months also an FTP server). Then Ginsparg heard about something called the âWorld Wide Web.â Initially skepticalââI canât really pay attention to every single fadââhe became intrigued when the Mosaic browser was released in 1993. Soon after, Ginsparg built a web interface for arXiv, which over time became its primary mode of access. He also occasionally consulted with a programmer at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) named Tim Berners-Leeânow Sir Tim âInventor of the World Wide Webâ Berners-Leeâwhom Ginsparg fondly credits with grilling excellent swordfish at his home in the French countryside. In 1994, with a National Science Foundation grant, Ginsparg hired two people to transform arXivâs shell scripts into more reliable Perl code. They were both technically gifted, perhaps too gifted to stay for long. One of them, Mark Doyle, later joined the American Physical Society and became its chief information officer. The other, Rob Hartill, was working simultaneously on a project to collect entertainment data: the Internet Movie Database. (After IMDb, Hartill went on to do notable work at the Apache Software Foundation.) Before arXiv was called arXiv, it was accessed under the hostname xxx.lanl.gov (âxxxâ didnât have the explicit connotations it does today, Ginsparg emphasized). During a car ride, he and his wife brainstormed nicer-sounding names. Archive? Already taken. Maybe they could sub in the Greek equivalent of X, chi (pronounced like âkaiâ). âShe wrote it down and crossed out the e to make it more symmetric around the X,â Ginsparg said. âSo arXiv it was.â At this point, there wasnât much formal structure. The number of developers typically stayed at one or two, and much of the moderation was managed by Ginspargâs friends, acquaintances, and colleagues. Early on, Ginsparg expected to receive on the order of 100 submissions to arXiv a year. It turned out to be closer to 100 a month, and growing. âDay one, something happened, day two something happened, day three, Ed Witten posted a paper,â as Ginsparg once put it. âThat was when the entire community joined.â Edward Witten is a revered string theorist and, quite possibly, the smartest person alive. âThe arXiv enabled much more rapid worldwide communication among physicists,â Witten wrote to me in an email. Over time, disciplines such as mathematics and computer science were added, and Ginsparg began to appreciate the significance of this new electronic medium. Plus, he said, âit was fun.â As the usage grew, arXiv faced challenges similar to those of other large software systems, particularly in scaling and moderation. There were slowdowns to deal with, like the time arXiv was hit by too much traffic from âstanford.edu.â The culprits? Sergey Brin and Larry Page, who were then busy indexing the web for what would eventually become Google. Years later, when Ginsparg visited Google HQ, both Brin and Page personally apologized to him for the incident. But even as arXivâs influence grew, higher-ups at Los Alamos never particularly championed the projectâwhich was becoming, one could argue, more influential than the lab itself. (This was, of course, long past the heyday of Oppenheimer depicted in Christopher Nolanâs middling 2023 docudrama.) Those early years at Los Alamos were âdreamlike and heavenly,â Ginsparg emphasized, the best job he ever had. But in 1999, a fellow physicist at the lab, Wen Ho Lee, was accused of leaking classified information to China. Lee, a Taiwanese American, was later cleared of wrongdoing, and the case was widely criticized for racial profiling. At the time, the scandal led to internal upheaval. There were travel restrictions to prevent leaks, and even discussions about subjecting employees to lie detector tests. âIt just got glummer and glummer,â Ginsparg said. It didnât help that a performance review that year labeled him âa strictly average performerâ with âno particular computer skills contributing to lab programs.â Also, his daughter had just been born, and there werenât schools nearby. He was ready to leave. Ginsparg stops short of saying he âbroughtâ arXiv with him, but the fact is, he ended up back at his alma mater, Cornellâtenured, this timeâand so did arXiv. He vowed to be free of the project within âfive years maximum.â After all, his main job wasnât supposed to be running arXivâit was teaching and doing research. At the university, arXiv found a home within the library. âThey disseminate material to academics,â Ginsparg said, âso that seemed like a natural fit.â A natural fit it was not. Under the hood, arXiv was a complex software platform that required technical expertise far beyond what was typically available in a university library. The logic for the submission process alone involved a vast number of potential scenarios and edge cases, making the code convoluted. Ginsparg and other early arXiv members I spoke to felt that the library failed to grasp arXivâs significance and treated it more like an afterthought. On the libraryâs side, some people thought Ginsparg was too hands-on. Others said he wasnât patient enough. A âgood lower-level manager,â according to someone long involved with arXiv, âbut his sense of management didnât scale.â For most of the 2000s, arXiv couldnât hold on to more than a few developers. But overstaying oneâs welcome also risks unseemliness. By the mid-2000s, as the web matured, arXivâin the words of its current program director, Stephanie Orphanâgot âbigger than all of us.â A creationist physicist sued it for rejecting papers on creationist cosmology. Various other mini-scandals arose, including a plagiarism one, and some users complained that the moderatorsâvolunteers who are experts in their respective fieldsâheld too much power. In 2009, Philip Gibbs, an independent physicist, even created viXra (arXiv spelled backward), a more or less unregulated Wild West where papers on quantum-physico-homeopathy can find their readership, for anyone eager to learn why pi is a lie. Then there was the problem of managing arXivâs massive code base. Although Ginsparg was a capable programmer, he wasnât a software professional adhering to industry norms like maintainability and testing. Much like constructing a building without proper structural supports or routine safety checks, his methods allowed for quick initial progress but later caused delays and complications. Unrepentant, Ginsparg often went behind the libraryâs back to check the code for errors. The staff saw this as an affront, accusing him of micromanaging and sowing distrust. In 2011, arXivâs 20th anniversary, Ginsparg thought he was ready to move on, writing what was intended as a farewell note, an article titled âArXiv at 20,â in Nature: âFor me, the repository was supposed to be a three-hour tour, not a life sentence. ArXiv was originally conceived to be fully automated, so as not to scuttle my research career. But daily administrative activities associated with running it can consume hours of every weekday, year-round without holiday.â Ginsparg would stay on the advisory board, but daily operations would be handed over to the staff at the Cornell University Library. It never happened, and as time went on, some accused Ginsparg of âbackseat driving.â One person said he was holding certain code âhostageâ by refusing to share it with other employees or on GitHub. Ginsparg was frustrated because he couldnât understand why implementing features that used to take him a day now took weeks. I challenged him on this, asking if there was any documentation for developers to onboard the new code base. Ginsparg responded, âI learned Fortran in the 1960s, and real programmers didnât document,â which nearly sent me, a coder, into cardiac arrest. Technical problems were compounded by administrative ones. In 2019, Cornell transferred arXiv to the schoolâs Computing and Information Science division, only to have it change hands again after a few months. Then a new director with a background in, of all things, for-profit academic publishing took over; she lasted a year and a half. âThere was disruption,â said an arXiv employee. âIt was not a good period.â But finally, relief: In 2022, the Simons Foundation committed funding that allowed arXiv to go on a hiring spree. Ramin Zabih, a Cornell professor who had been a long-time champion, joined as the faculty director. Under the new governance structure, arXivâs migration to the cloud and a refactoring of the code base to Python finally took off. Over the months I spoke with Ginsparg, my main challenge was interrupting him, as a simple question would often launch him into an extended monolog. It was only near the end of the bike ride that I managed to tell him how I found him tenacious and stubborn, and that if someone more meek had been in charge, arXiv might not have survived. I was startled by his response. âYou know, one personâs tenacity is another personâs terrorism,â he said. âWhat do you mean?â I asked. âIâve heard that the staff occasionally felt terrorized,â he said. âBy you?â I replied, though a more truthful response wouldâve been âNo shit.â Ginsparg apparently didnât hear the question and started talking about something else. Beyond the dramaâif not terrorismâof its day-to-day operations, arXiv still faces many challenges. The linguist Emily Bender has accused it of being a âcancerâ for the way it promotes âjunk scienceâ and âfast scholarship.â Sometimes it does seem too fast: In 2023, a much-hyped paper claiming to have cracked room-temperature superconductivity turned out to be thoroughly wrong. (But equally fast was exactly that debunkingâproof of arXiv working as intended.) Then there are opposite cases, where arXiv âcensorsââso say criticsâperfectly good findings, such as when physicist Jorge Hirsch, of h-index fame, had his paper withdrawn for âinflammatory contentâ and âunprofessional language.â How does Ginsparg feel about all this? Well, heâs not the type to wax poetic about having a mission, promoting an ideology, or being a pioneer of âopen science.â He cares about those things, I think, but heâs reluctant to frame his work in grandiose ways. At one point, I asked if he ever really wants to be liberated from arXiv. âYou know, I have to be completely honestâthere are various aspects of this that remain incredibly entertaining,â Ginsparg said. âI have the perfect platform for testing ideas and playing with them.â Though he no longer tinkers with the production code that runs arXiv, he is still hard at work on his holy grail for filtering out bogus submissions. Itâs a project that keeps him involved, keeps him active. Perhaps, with newer language models, heâll figure it out. âItâs like that Al Pacino quote: They keep bringing me back,â he said. A familiar smile spread across Ginspargâs face. âBut Al Pacino also developed a real taste for killing people.â|Let us know what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor at mail@wired.com.
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